In the crystal field model, the central metal ion is treated as positive while the ligands are negative point charges (represented by white spheres in the figures below). The orientation of each of the five d orbitals in rhe octahedral fields can be superimposed and related to edges or faces of a cube.
Adapted from http://wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm/courses/CFT_Orbs.html
by Prof. Robert J. Lancashire,
The Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies,
Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
dx2-y2
dz2
The electron density (i.e., the lobes of the orbitals) lies directly in
line with the ligand's non-bonding electron pairs on the axes.
dxy dxz
dyz
The electron density lies in between the ligand's non-bonding electron pairs.
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